《乌尔纳姆法典》苏美尔文明的法律
《乌尔纳姆法典》是迄今所知的世界上最早的一部成文法典，早于《汉谟拉比法典》，同时也被称为乌尔纳木法典或苏美尔法典。它由古代西亚乌尔第三王朝的开国君主乌尔纳姆的儿子舒尔吉制定，原件由30-35块泥板组成，其中大部分都未能保存下来。
这部法典适应奴隶制的发展，主要用来保护奴隶占有和私有制经济，镇压奴隶和贫民的反抗。虽然只剩下残片，但它被认为是古代中央集权制度的一个重要组成部分，被用来规范全国法律，以适应奴隶制的发展和奴隶主镇压奴隶反抗的需要，同时也缓和了自由民内部的矛盾。
下面放出现存的正文，由于本人只查到了英文版，于是只能自己动手翻译，但本人水平实在有限，借助翻译软件翻译后，并尽量将其整理成“人话”，其中肯定有大量错误，有水平高超者，欢迎指正！
正文（翻译在后面，序号并非错误，是仅存了这些）
1. If a man commits a murder, that man must be killed.
2. If a man commits a robbery, he will be killed.
3. If a man commits a kidnapping, he is to be imprisoned and pay 15 shekels of silver.
4. If a slave marries a slave, and that slave is set free, he does not leave the household.
5. If a slave marries a native (i.e. free) person, he/she is to hand the firstborn son over to his owner.
6. If a man violates the right of another and deflowers the virgin wife of a young man, they shall kill that male.
7. If the wife of a man followed after another man and he slept with her, they shall slay that woman, but that male shall be set free. (§4 in some translations)
8. If a man proceeded by force, and deflowered the virgin slavewoman of another man, that man must pay five shekels of silver. (5)
9. If a man divorces his first-time wife, he shall pay her one mina of silver. (6)
10. If it is a (former) widow whom he divorces, he shall pay her half a mina of silver. (7)
11. If the man had slept with the widow without there having been any marriage contract, he need not pay any silver. (8)
13. If a man is accused of sorcery he must undergo ordeal by water; if he is proven innocent, his accuser must pay 3 shekels. (10)
14. If a man accused the wife of a man of adultery, and the river ordeal proved her innocent, then the man who had accused her must pay one-third of a mina of silver. (11)
15. If a prospective son-in-law enters the house of his prospective father-in-law, but his father-in-law later gives his daughter to another man, the father-in-law shall return to the rejected son-in-law twofold the amount of bridal presents he had brought. (12)
17. If a slave escapes from the city limits, and someone returns him, the owner shall pay two shekels to the one who returned him. (14)
18. If a man knocks out the eye of another man, he shall weigh out ½ a mina of silver. (15)
19. If a man has cut off another man’s foot, he is to pay ten shekels. (16)
20. If a man, in the course of a scuffle, smashed the limb of another man with a club, he shall pay one mina of silver. (17)
21. If someone severed the nose of another man with a copper knife, he must pay two-thirds of a mina of silver. (18)
22. If a man knocks out a tooth of another man, he shall pay two shekels of silver. (19)
24. [...] If he does not have a slave, he is to pay 10 shekels of silver. If he does not have silver, he is to give another thing that belongs to him. (21)
25. If a man’s slave-woman, comparing herself to her mistress, speaks insolently to her, her mouth shall be scoured with 1 quart of salt. (22)
28. If a man appeared as a witness, and was shown to be a perjurer, he must pay fifteen shekels of silver. (25)
29. If a man appears as a witness, but withdraws his oath, he must make payment, to the extent of the value in litigation of the case. (26)
30. If a man stealthily cultivates the field of another man and he raises a complaint, this is however to be rejected, and this man will lose his expenses. (27)
31. If a man flooded the field of a man with water, he shall measure out three kur of barley per iku of field. (28)
32. If a man had let an arable field to a(nother) man for cultivation, but he did not cultivate it, turning it into wasteland, he shall measure out three kur of barley per iku of field. (29)
个人翻译
1.如果一个人犯了谋杀罪，那么这个人也必须处死。
2.如果一个人犯了抢劫罪，那么这个人将会被处死。
3.如果一个人犯了绑架罪，那么他将被关进监狱，并支付15谢克尔的白银。（谢克尔是计量单位）
4.如果一个奴隶嫁给了一个奴隶，而这个奴隶获得了自由，他就不用离开这个家。（说实话我也没理解这是什么情况下会发生的）
5.如果奴隶与本地人（即自由人）结婚，那他/她（奴隶）需要将自己的长子交给他的主人。
6.如果一个男人侵犯了另一个人的权利，剥夺了一个年轻人获得妻子处女的权利，那么他们应该杀死这个男人。（有点像中世纪的初夜权）
7.如果一个男人的妻子与另一个男人睡在了一起，那么会他们应该杀死那个女人，但那个男人会被释放。
8.如果一个人使用武力，强行与别人的处女女奴隶发生了关系，那个人必须支付五舍客勒的银子。（舍客勒也是计量单位）
9.如果一个男人与他的第一任妻子离婚，他应该付给他妻子一米纳白银。(米纳同样是计量单位)
10.如果他离婚的是（前）寡妇，他应该付给她半米纳白银。(这条算是上一条的补充，这个前寡妇应该指一个女人多次婚姻)
11.如果这个男人在没有任何婚约的情况下与寡妇发生关系，那么他不需要支付任何白银。
13.如果一个人被指控使用了巫术，他必须接受水刑；如果最后他被证明是无辜的，那原告必须支付3谢克尔。
14.如果一个男人指控一个男人的妻子通奸，而河流的考验最终证明她是无辜的，那么指控她的男人必须支付三分之一米纳的白银。(这个河流的考验可能指某种仪式)
15.如果准女婿已经去过其准岳父的房子，但其岳父后来将女儿嫁给了另一个男人，那么这个岳父应将原女婿带来的给新娘礼物双倍返还。(就是退两倍彩礼……)
17.如果一个奴隶逃出了城市，后来有人将这个逃跑的奴隶还给了原主人，那奴隶主要付给归还者两舍客勒。
18.如果一个人打坏了另一个人的眼睛，他应该称出来½；并支付一米纳银子。(“½”这个无力翻译，不甚理解)
19.如果一个人割下了另一个人的脚，那么他要付十舍客勒。
20.如果一个人在混战中用棍棒砸了另一个人，他应该支付一米纳的白银。(打群架？)
21.如果有人用铜刀割下另一个人的鼻子，他必须支付三分之二的白银。(这三分之二可能是指行凶者的所有资产？)
22.如果一个人打掉了另一个人的牙齿，他要付两舍客勒银子。
24.[…]如果他没有奴隶，他要支付10谢克尔的银子。如果他没有银子，他就要把另一件属于自己的东西送给他。(前半句遗失了，所以这是个半句)
25.如果一个男人的奴隶女人把自己比作他的情妇，对他说傲慢的话，那么她的嘴上就要擦一夸脱盐。(原文是her情妇，是矛盾的，我翻译成男“he”了)
28.如果一个人作为证人出现，并且被证明是作伪证者，他必须支付十五舍客勒白银。
29.如果一个人作为证人出庭，但之后推翻了自己证言，那么他必须在案件诉讼价值的范围内付款。(算是当庭翻供的一种惩罚吧)
30.如果一个人偷偷地耕种另一个人的田地，那么将没收偷耕者的收入。（大概是这个意思，简略了一下原文）
31.如果一个人用水淹没了一个人的田地，他应该按照每一亩地出三库尔大麦的产量赔偿。
32.如果一个人把一块耕地交给另一个人耕种，但这个人没有耕种，最后土地变成了荒地，他应该按照每一亩地出三库尔大麦的产量赔偿。
